The Federal Bureau of Invetigation’s (FBI) National Crime Information Center (NCIC) is a computerized system of criminal justice records. The system can be accessed 24 hours a day by any local, state or federal law enforcement agency and was originally created to assist local law enforcement personnel in apprehending interstate fugitives and locating stolen property. The NCIC database has been expanded to now include criminal history information in eleven specific categories: information on convicted sex offenders, identity theft, missing persons, terrorist and gang organizations, unitentified persons, wanted persons, fingerprint data and foreign fugitives.
The information in the NCIC system is electronically collected from the computer systems of law enforcement agencies nationwide in a cooperative effort between the Federal Bureau of Investigation and participating law enforcement agencies. However, not all information available through the NCIC system is housed within it.
The Interstate Identification Index (III) is part of the NCIC network. The systems allows an agency to perform an automated check to all information regarding a person’s criminal history. Therefore, when a law enforcement agency conducts an NCIC criminal background check using the NCIC III, it is accessing both criminal history information held by NCIC and criminal history information held by local law enforcement agencies nationwide.
NCIC III information is not necessarily collected or held within the NCIC system, instead, the system simply provides a mechanism which allows one law enforcement agency to search and access records held by law enforcement agencies nationwide. Some NCIC III information may be duplicated within the NCIC system inasmuch as that information is necessary to meet the requirements for criminal history information in the eleven specific categories of records collected and held by NCIC.
Incorrect information from an NCIC background check is possible. The NCIC has security measures that verify accuracy and ensure integrity of its data. Participating law enforcement agencies must periodically validate their records and undergo periodic audits that check for data quality and compliance with security provisions.
An NCIC criminal background check on a person does not always mean that person is suspected of criminal activities. For example, a person wishing to buy a firearm must consent to an NCIC background check. Nowadays employers often run a NCIC background check on new employees to find out if they have a cirminal past, if they are in compliance with immigration requirements and authorized to work in the US.
Access to NCIC databases are limited to law enforcement agencies and authorized private entities. Justice entities and law enforcement agencies may access NCIC database to make criminal checks on individual’s -without their consent in fulfillment of their function such as the investigation or prosecution of person’s and suspected criminal activities. Any private person may request to get access to his or her own criminal history data; however, private person’s or entities will not get access to third party information without the written consent of the third party.
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